Cardiac Output Estimator

How to calculate Cardiac Output?

Cardiac Output (CO) is the volume of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in one minute.

Formula: CO (L/min) = (HR × SV) / 1000

Using the Cardiac Output Estimator: an example

For an individual at rest with a steady pulse and average heart size.

Step-by-step calculation:

1. Measure heart rate (e.g., 72 bpm)
2. Estimate stroke volume (e.g., 70 mL per beat)
3. Calculate: (72 × 70) / 1000 = 5.04 L/min

Stroke Volume Estimation

Stroke volume coefficients are often estimated using Body Surface Area (BSA) or echocardiographic measurements of the left ventricle.

Medical Disclaimer

This tool is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a normal cardiac output?

A typical resting cardiac output for a healthy adult is approximately 5 L/min.

How does exercise affect cardiac output?

During intense exercise, cardiac output can increase significantly to meet the oxygen demands of muscles.