Solution Dilution Calculator

How to calculate solution dilution?

Dilution is the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution, usually by adding more solvent to the solution without adding more solute. This process reduces the number of solute particles per unit volume while the total amount of solute remains constant.

The relationship between concentrations and volumes before and after dilution is expressed by the formula: C1 × V1 = C2 × V2.

Using the Dilution calculator: an example

Consider a scenario where you have a starting concentration of 20%, and you want to achieve a target concentration of 5% for a final total volume of 200mL.

Step-by-step calculation:

1. Identify the variables: C1 = 20, C2 = 5, and V2 = 200.
2. Apply the formula to solve for initial volume: V1 = (5 × 200) / 20.
3. Calculate the required volume of stock solution: V1 = 50mL.
4. Calculate the required diluent: Diluent = 200 - 50 = 150mL.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need to match units?

Yes. For the calculation to work, the concentration units (C1 and C2) must be the same, and the volume units (V1 and V2) must also be consistent.

What is a stock solution?

A stock solution is a concentrated solution that will be diluted to a lower concentration for actual use. It is a space-saving way to store reagents.

What is the diluent?

The diluent is the solvent (such as distilled water or a specific buffer) that you add to the concentrated stock to reach the desired final volume.